Electronic Signatures in Singapore

ETA 2010 — two-tier model

Singapore's Electronic Transactions Act 2010 distinguishes between a 'simple electronic signature' (any reliable method indicating signer intent) and a 'secure electronic signature' (asymmetric cryptography from a Netrust or other accredited Certification Authority).

Most commercial contracts work with a simple e-signature. Secure electronic signatures benefit from a statutory presumption of integrity — courts presume the document hasn't been altered, shifting the burden to the challenger.